PPARA and heart failure: Although, as already mentioned in the PPARα chapter, several clinical trials testing dual PPARα/γ agonists had either to be stopped due to increased rates of heart failure as the AleCardio trial for Aleglitazar [78] or due to elevation of serum creatinine, bodyweight increase, and edema formation with tesaglitazar [79], or major adverse cardiovascular events as for muraglitazar [37], experimental research continued on the concept of dual PPARα/γ agonism.