In myeloproliferative disorders (MPNs), increased activation of JAK/STAT pathways in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) causes uncontrolled proliferation and cytokine production [59,60]; however, hematopoiesis is not ineffective as in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and patients show various grades of polycythemia and/or thrombocytosis, and extramedullary hematopoiesis with splenomegaly [60]. This evidence concerns the gene SOAT1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.