A cluster of proteins involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, including thioredoxin reductase, hexokinase, mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase, type IV, and phenylacetone monooxygenase, were recognized by antibodies circulating in the sera of patients with PCM. Here, NQO1 is linked to paracoccidioidomycosis.