DMD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: While mitochondrial uncoupling could be considered protective against oxidative stress, in DMD myoblasts it only caused severe impact to ATP synthesis without any attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide, which was 83% higher in NIT-treated compared to UNTREAT dystrophic myoblasts (p < 0.05 DMD NIT vs. DMD UNTREAT; Figure 1E).