INS and hypertensive disorder: Moreover, it has been suggested that that the alterations in BCAA metabolism with accumulation of BCAAs and their byproducts can cause remarkable metabolic derangements with impairments in the function of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and overstimulation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2), which subsequently leads to insulin resistance and oxidative stress playing key roles in the regulation of blood pressure and can cause the development of hypertension [33,34,35].