The first indication that TLR2 is expressed on solid tumors came from a study published in 2002 by Yoshioka and colleagues, who demonstrated that different colon cancer cell lines express TLR2 and CD14 and, in response to LPS treatment, secret transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [48]. The gene discussed is HGF; the disease is colonic neoplasm.