Treatment of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells or patient-derived xenografts implanted in immunocompromised mice with the anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody T2.5 significantly impaired their in vivo growth, suggesting that TLR2 targeting may improve the outcome of HNSCC patients. The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.