TLR2 and cancer: Thus, the conjugation of Pam3CSK4 to peptide vaccines improved their anti-cancer activity in preclinical models [120], and a vaccine composed of a synthetic TLR2 ligand (called Amplivant®) conjugated to HPV16 E6 long peptides is currently undergoing a phase I clinical trial in patients with HPV16 positive tumors or premalignant lesions (NCT02821494).