TLR2 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: For example, Chen et al. demonstrated that pancreatic cancer cells express both TLR2 and TLR4 and that TLR2 stimulation enhances the frequency of CD133+ pancreatic CSCs, while TLR4 exerts the opposite effect, indicating that the balance of activation of the two receptors may regulate pancreatic cancer stemness [77].