MAPK1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: In inhibiting the abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs, CGA was reported to possess inhibitory effects on the proliferation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via c-Src and the Shc/Grb2/ERK2 signaling pathway, as well as on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats through vascular remodeling [43].