The latter is encoded by an NF-κB-dependent gene, strictly involved in the inflammatory process, whose expression can be rapidly up-regulated by cytokines and growth factors; otherwise, PTGS1 gene is constitutively expressed in human epithelial cells, contributing to preserve the protective mucus layer by cytoprotective prostaglandin production; therefore, the blockage of PTGS1 (COX-1) activity is the main factor responsible for the gastric side effects (e.g., peptic ulcers) of NSAID chronic drug treatment [12,13,14]. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS1 and peptic ulcer disease.