In this context, the aim of this work was to: (i) qualitatively and quantitatively analyze EOs from S. officinalis collected in 3 different areas of Southern Italy by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); (ii) compare the chemical composition of Italian sage EOs with other native Mediterranean sage EOs; (iii) investigate the potential role of sage EOs to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as AD using the in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activity test; and (iv) evaluate the in vitro antioxidant effects. This evidence concerns the gene BCHE and Alzheimer disease.