Moreover, β-carotene-treated M2 macrophages and activated fibroblasts, both playing a key role in the behavior modulation of cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, inhibited CSC markers (CD133, CD44, SOX2, and NOTCH1), and modulated EMT markers (increased E-cadherin) and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. This evidence concerns the gene CD44 and cancer.