Furthermore, in the treatment groups, and more specifically in the EOK treated group, the mean concentration of the IL-1β decreased more significantly than in the control positive group and even the group treated with chlorhexidine; therefore, the periodontal tissue of this group exhibited less PDL destruction and milder periodontitis due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of P. atlantica [16] in reducing oxidative damage and suppressing inflammatory mediators. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and periodontitis.