Rapamycin and its analogues (rapalogs) are only partial inhibitors of mTORC1 that do not effectively suppress 4E-BP1 phosphorylation.10 Second generation mTOR kinase inhibitors (TOR-KI) act as ATP-competitive inhibitors and fully inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2.11,12 One candidate TOR-KI studied in our lab, MLN0128/TAK-228,13 has entered a phase 2 clinical trial in B-ALL. Here, RORC is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.