Post hoc analysis needs to be done to explore the specific subpopulation who benefited from ICIs therapy, such as PD-L1 amplification or mutation, etc. Thus, immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 seems unsatisfactory (Fig. 2) when using as monotherapy, and indicative biomarkers should be explored further to launch precision medicine in a subset of DLBCL patients. Here, PDCD1 is linked to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.