WNT1 and gastric cancer: Firstly, compared with GES-1 cells, the increase of wnt1, wnt3a and β-catenin and the decrease of p-GSK3β were found in gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87, SNU-16, SNU-5 and HGC-27), and consequently the Wnt signaling pathway was activated in gastric cancer cells (Fig. 3a, b).