However, in AG6 mice lacking interferon (IFN)-α/β and -γ receptors, the ZIKV infection rate of spermatogenic cells was lower than that in A6 mice which lack only the IFN-α/β receptor, whereas Sertoli cells were infected in both models [19,21,22,41], suggesting an IFN-γ dependent pathway also contributes to ZIKV invasion of the seminiferous tubules. Here, TWF1 is linked to Zika virus infectious disease.