From this, we conclude, that a decrease in oxidative stress on nucleic acids might be contributing to the many long-term benefits of RYGB-surgery in obesity and type 2 diabetes but is less likely a main contributing factor to the immediate effects of RYGB-surgery on weight, glucose- and lipid metabolism within the first postoperative weeks, primarily explained by an increase in insulin sensitivity of the liver [22, 47]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.