In order to determine if TNF + IFNγ and glutamate could cause MS-like paranodal pathology, organotypic cerebellar slices derived from P8/9 rats and cultured for 8 to 10 days were treated with 3 doses of 50 ng/ml TNF/IFNγ, 2 doses of 100 ng/ml of TNF/IFNγ, 2 doses of microglial-conditioned medium, 2 doses of glutamate at 75 μM, or 2 doses of glutamate at 100 μM (in all the treatments, doses were administered every 24 h, and glutamate levels were measured 24 h after the last dose (S6 Fig). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.