The liver X receptor α (LXRα, also known as NR1H3) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR, also known as NR1H4) interact with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and play essential roles in fatty acid, cholesterol, sterol, bile acid and glucose metabolism (Calkin and Tontonoz, 2012), and both were observed downregulated upon infection (Fig. 5F). This evidence concerns the gene NR1H3 and infection.