HMGB1 and COVID-19: Our study indicates that clinically available drugs (e.g., glycyrrhizin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine) may limit the release and activity of HMGB1 during SARS-CoV-2 infection, although the clinical trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 are still uncertain due to their side effects on the heart [30, 34].