CCL3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In particular, IL8, is an adipokine known to be able to sustain VAT inflammation in obesity (15, 37, 38), and MIP1α and MIP1β are major factors produced by activated macrophages that, in turn, amplify VAT inflammation by potentiating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of immune cells, including cytotoxic lymphocytes, B cells and monocytes (15, 39, 40).