VDR and anemia (phenotype): These include: G6PD (rs2230037, rs1050828 and rs5030868) for chloroquine hemolysis toxicity, especially for African patients; VDR (rs2228570) for ribavirin efficacy in all populations (MAF > 0.5 worldwide); ITPA (rs1127354) for ribavirin/α-interferon and anemia risk in Asian patients and ACE (rs1799752) for captopril response in East Asian patients.