Mechanistically, TRIM31 regulates various molecular pathways including NLRP3, MAVS, NFκB, and p53 signaling, through its ubiquitin ligase activity to induce lysine-linked polyubiquitination of protein substrates affecting key cancer-related biological processes and regulating inflammation, antiviral infection, innate immunity, drug resistance, and metastasis26,28,29,36. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.