The control population with lower NPC risk carry moderate and strong protective haplotypes with different combinations of protective alleles including HLA-Aaa-Q62, SNPs near HLA-B, HLA-DQA1, B*55:02, and novel loci at TRIM31 and TRIM39 in the non-classical HLA genes (Table 2). Here, TRIM39 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.