TNF and melanoma: While the most recent articles have identified signatures associated with or explaining the molecular mechanisms that govern the phenomenon of anti-PD1 resistance, Bertrand et al. demonstrate that the TNFα blockade overcomes resistance to anti-PD1 in a mouse experimental melanoma model and suggested that using anti-PD1 and anti-TNF antibodies could be a therapeutic solution for limiting the process of anti-PD1 resistance21.