PAK1 and neoplasm: Other examples of promoters upstream of gut-associated genes that may advance our understanding of NEC pathobiology include, CDK5RAP3, which is known to act as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer [31], PAK1, which is known to contribute to inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract including colitis [17, 32] and NR5A2, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease [33–35].