In terms of neurodevelopment, both animal and human studies show that MPP5 has been found to be essential in neurogenesis [97, 98]; in a murine model Mpp5 depletion led to microcephaly, decreased cerebellar volume and cortical thickness, while humans with de novo variants of MPP5 suffer from global developmental delays with language regression and behavioral changes [97]. This evidence concerns the gene PALS1 and Global developmental delay.