EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: After exposure to EGFR inhibitors, EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells lose their ability to undergo apoptosis, partially due to the high expression of MCL-1 and finally become “drug-tolerant cells.” This overexpression is explained by (1) enrichment of cells with preexisting high MCL-1 expression and (2) activation of the mTORC1/eIF4E-mediated cap-dependent translation pathway that controls MCL-1 expression [52].