Recent exome sequencing studies of de novo in schizophrenia trios and disruptive mutations in schizophrenia sporadic cases have revealed that genes related to activity-regulated cytoskeleton complex contributed to the high ranked genesets for schizophrenia (Fromer et al., 2014; Purcell et al., 2014), suggesting that dysfunction of actin skeletal dynamics contributed to the loss of dendritic spines in schizophrenia. In the ACC (anterior cingulate cortex) and DFC of patients with schizophrenia, PAK1 phosphorylation levels were reduced (Rubio et al., 2012). Here, PAK1 is linked to schizophrenia.