In particular, disease-specific upregulation of SERPINE1 (encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PAI-1), VWF (von Willebrand factor), and GZMB (Granzyme B) gene expression levels in COVID19 + ICU patients may contribute to thrombotic disorders in COVID19 patients [5, 47]. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to thrombotic disease.