CST3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In the Cox multivariate analysis, RBC [HR 0.457 (per 1 × 1012 /L), 95% CI 0.292–0.713, p = 0.001] and LDL-C [HR 0.617, 95% CI 0.416–0.914, p = 0.016] were independently associated with all-cause mortality, with adjustment for age, COPD, hematocrit, urea nitrogen, and cystatin C. Preoperative RBC [HR 0.419, 95% CI 0.275–0.640, p = 0.000] were significantly associated with MACEs, when adjusting for age, COPD, hematocrit, cystatin C, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol, and LDL-C (Supplementary Table 2).