According to Cox multivariate analysis, preoperative Hb [HR (per 1 g/dl) 0.797, 95% CI 0.639–0.918, p = 0.002] and LDL-C [HR (per 1 mmol/L) 0.639, 95% CI 0.431–0.948; p = 0.026] were independently related to all-cause mortality, following adjustment for age, COPD, hematocrit, urea nitrogen, and cystatin C. For MACEs, when adjusting for age, COPD, hematocrit, cystatin C, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol, and LDL-C, preoperative Hb concentration (HR 0.795, 95% CI 0.672–0.871, p = 0.000) was significantly associated with MACEs (Supplementary Table 2). Here, CST3 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.