CA1 and lung carcinoma: Removal of excess CO2 through enhanced CA activity leads to bone structures increasingly depleted in Ca2+, increasing the likelihood of osteroporosis, at pH <7.4, impacts may include possible cancer development (renal cancer, lung cancer). CAi activity has been tentatively suggested to act as a cancer transducer for pCO2 fluctuations (arising from intermittent blood flow), therefore adding to the role of CO2 as a potent cytoplasmic signal.