The first clinical trial (NCT03010046) utilizing this technology investigated the use of SNA AST‐005 for the treatment of chronic psoriasis by targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), an inflammatory cytokine.[149] The topically applied gel formulation was shown to meet safety requirements and importantly, reduced TNFα mRNA expression in psoriasis plaques.[150] Unfortunately, however, results from the study indicated that there was no statistically significant decrease in echolucent band thickness, a key indicator of efficacy in psoriasis patients.[149]. Here, TNF is linked to psoriasis.