AKT1 and neoplasm: EGFR is the cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor, and activated EGFR recruits and phosphorylates cytoplasmic signalling molecules, thus initiating downstream signalling cascades including JAK/STATs, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT, to promote tumour cell proliferation, invasion and distant metastasis (Hynes & Lane, 2005; Wang et al., 2011a; Wang, Zhu, Zhang, & Zhang, 2011).