Meanwhile, elevated hub genes like Ccl2 (C-C motif ligand 2), Cxcr4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4), Il10 (interleukin 10), and Vcam1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) have already been proven to play critical roles in recruiting immune cells for triggering and driving inflammation (Ishida et al., 1994; Daly and Rollins, 2003; Kong et al., 2018; Garcia-Cuesta et al., 2019), strengthening the notion of targeting mononuclear phagocytes signature to ameliorate renal pathology in the context of LN. Here, VCAM1 is linked to lobular neoplasia.