In particular, dramatically increased hub genes like CD40 (cluster of differentiation 40), Itgam (integrin subunit alpha M), C3 (complement 3), and Myd88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88) have previously been proven to play essential roles in the expansion and activation of B and T cells (Zarnegar et al., 2004; Quigley et al., 2009; Griffin and Rothstein, 2011; Liszewski et al., 2013), supporting the role of mononuclear phagocytes signature in bridging innate immune response with the adaptive autoimmune response in the context of LN. Here, CD40 is linked to lobular neoplasia.