LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Intriguingly, mTOR is also one of the signal mediators of obesity related factors, such as leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory cytokines, through the Akt/PI3K or AMPK pathways (Maya-Monteiro and Bozza, 2008; Wang et al., 2012; Mauro et al., 2018).