APP and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: We have previously shown that hop flower extracts exhibit γ-secretase inhibitory activities and inhibit Aβ production in cultured cells and in Alzheimer’s disease model mice with mutated amyloid precursor protein (APP), in which the C-terminal portion of human APP with the Indiana mutation (V717F) was expressed in neuronal cells driven by the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter12.