HPGDS and atherosclerosis: As oxidative stress is recognized as a central pathogenic process in accelerated atherosclerosis in T2DM, various studies [7] investigated the associations of oxidative stress genes (e.g. NADPH1 oxidase, Myeloperoxidase, Glutathione peroxidase 1, Glutathione S-transferase [31], NAD(P)H1: Quinone oxidoreductase, Superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 [32], Thioredoxin reductase 2 [33], Uncoupling protein 2 [34], etc.)with micro- and macrovascular complications in T2DM.