INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: GDM management method was also significantly associated with perceived risk of T2DM with 44% (n = 60) of responders who took insulin during a GDM pregnancy responding they thought they had a high risk of developing T2DM, compared to 36% (n = 16) of responders who took metformin and 27% (n = 67) who were diet-controlled (p = 0.008).