Recently, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which results in caspase-1-dependent pyroptotic cell death and generation of generation of IL-1β and IL-18 in their active forms, was shown to suppress normal hematopoiesis and promote clonal expansion observed in patients with low-risk MDS [18,24]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and myelodysplastic syndrome.