These pathways are longevity regulating, insulin resistance, 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, forkhead transcription factor family (FoxO) signaling, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G (cGMP-PKG) signaling, herpes simplex infection, primary immunodeficiency, vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, type II diabetes mellitus, and intestinal immune network for IgA production. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.