Next, we used lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) that derive from a TDP-43 mutated patient carrying p.A382T mutation (LCL-TDP382), a sporadic ALS patient (LCL-SALS) and a healthy control (LCL-CTL) (see Materials and methods) to confirm the role of TDP-43 in R-loops removal in ALS. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.