Neutrophilic inflammation has been implicated in COPD pathology (56, 57) and in elastase-induced emphysema (41, 42), and previous studies of allergic airways disease have linked DUOX1 to production of neutrophil chemokines (CXCL1) and neutrophil recruitment (53, 58). The gene discussed is CXCL1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.