C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Interestingly, many other genes implicated in ALS/FTD function in autophagy (Evans and Holzbaur, 2019; Lin et al., 2017; Ramesh and Pandey, 2017) such as tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), optineurin (OPTN1), ubiquilin 2 and 4 (UBQLN2 and 4), valosin-containing protein (VCP), charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B), VAMP-associated protein B (VapB), and the C9orf72 protein itself (O'Rourke et al., 2015; Sellier et al., 2016; Sullivan et al., 2016; Ugolino et al., 2016; Webster et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2016).