Moreover, studies reported that in pathological conditions associated with neuroinflammation, such as cerebral stroke, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), TGF-β release is increased (Wyss-Coray et al., 2000 ▶; Endo et al., 2015 ▶) and RSV by affecting oligodendrocytes, is able to prevent these changes. Here, TGFB1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.