According to the authors, lower levels of CRP (median value: 33 mg/dl), higher levels of NLR (over 3.5) and higher levels of urine IL-8 (uIL-8) (median: 2,120 pg/ml) refer to extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli infection. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is escherichia coli infection.