Finally, glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSC) phenotype, the worst prognostic marker of glioblastoma, persists partially due to the hypoxic microenvironment-dependent release of extracellular adenosine, thus promoting cell migration, invasion, and tumor recurrence through the activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR)94,95. This evidence concerns the gene ADORA3 and neoplasm.