Moreover, despite in vivo observations suggesting the ability of this signaling pathway to induce drug resistance and influence the ability to form metastasis via induction of EMT in pancreatic cancer, the activation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling by stromal cells failed to induce EMT in cultures with MiaPaCa-2, AsPC-1, Capan-2, BxPC-3, and Panc1 pancreatic cancer cell lines122. Here, IGF1R is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.