To further identify whether the differentially expressed lncRNAs are associated with AF, 3 upregulated lncRNAs (HNRNPU-AS1, AC005786.7, and LINC00861) and 3 downregulated circRNAs (RP11-443B7.3, CTD-2616J11.14, and CTD-2616J11.3) were randomly selected for qRT-PCR validation. The gene discussed is HNRNPU; the disease is atrial fibrillation.