In 515 patients with HNSCC, although no significant difference was observed between CCND1 expression and tumor mutation counts, tumors with high CCND1 expression had significantly higher FGA than those with low CCND1 expression (CCND1 expression and tumor mutation counts; p = 0.638, CCND1 expression and FGA; p = 0.006, Fig. 4a,b). Here, CCND1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.