Nlrp3 and IL-1β61–64, which are inflammasome-related molecules; IL-17, which mediates innate and acquired immunity related to AMD, as reported both in animals65,66 and humans67–69; IL-33, which amplifies the innate immune response and attacks the RPE70; TNF-α, which regulates the transcription of Nlrp371; and VEGF, which can be directly associated with the development of late AMD with choroidal neovascularization72, were upregulated by the HFD (Fig. 3g). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and age-related macular degeneration.