IRS1 and Insulin resistance: Given the role of these amino acids on mTORC1 activation and glucose homeostasis47,48, these findings could, in part, explain the decreased S6K1 activation observed in Tg mice on HFD (Fig. 4b) and support mechanism of protection against diet-induced insulin resistance mediated by mTORC1/S6K1/IRS-1 signaling (Fig. 4a)39.