HCMV infection stimulates cluster differentiation antigen 14 (CD14), TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 on the surface to enhance the intracellular expression of the adaptor protein MyD88, and phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB, thereby increasing the response of macrophages to viral components. Here, TLR5 is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.